15.53. Order by

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The results of the query can also be ordered.
The `ORDER BY` clause is used to specify the selected values to be used to order the result.
The types of expressions considered valid as part of the `ORDER BY` clause include:

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<div class="ulist">

• state fields
• component/embeddable attributes
• scalar expressions such as arithmetic operations, functions, etc.

• identification variable declared in the select clause for any of the previous expression types </div>

  Additionally, JPQL says that all values referenced in the ORDER BY clause must be named in the SELECT clause. HQL does not mandate that restriction, but applications desiring database portability should be aware that not all databases support referencing values in the ORDER BY clause that are not referenced in the select clause.

  </div>

  Individual expressions in the order-by can be qualified with either ASC (ascending) or DESC (descending) to indicated the desired ordering direction. Null values can be placed in front or at the end of the sorted set using NULLS FIRST or NULLS LAST clause respectively.

  </div>

  Example 406. Order by example

  `List<Person> persons = entityManager.createQuery(

  "select p " +
  "from Person p " +
  "order by p.name", Person.class )
  

  .getResultList();

  List<Object[]> personTotalCallDurations = entityManager.createQuery(

  "select p.name, sum( c.duration ) as total " +
  "from Call c " +
  "join c.phone ph " +
  "join ph.person p " +
  "group by p.name " +
  "order by total", Object[].class )
  

  .getResultList();`</pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>